THE HARMONY OF THE SPHERES

The harmony of the spheres

The harmony of the spheres is an ancient theory of Pythagorean origin, based on the idea that the universe is governed according to harmonious numerical proportions and that the movement of the celestial bodies according to the geocentric representation of the universe - the Sun, the Moon and the planets - is governed according to musical proportions; The distances between planets correspond, according to this theory, to the musical intervals.

The Greek expression harmony tou kosmou translates as "harmony of the cosmos" or "universal music"; The word harmony is here understood by the good proportions between the parts and the whole, in a mathematical but also "esoteric" sense, according to Pythagorean mysticism. The word music (mousikê) refers to "the art of the Muses" and "Apollo", that is, "the culture of the artistic or scientific spirit." The term "spheres" is of Aristotelian origin and designates the area of ​​influence of a planet (Treaty of Heaven).

The theory of the harmony of the spheres of the Pythagoreans is documented in ancient texts2 from Plato (The Republic, 530d and 617b, Crito, 405c) and above all Aristotle (Treaty of Heaven, 290b12). This theory continued to exert influence on great thinkers and humanists even until the end of the Renaissance.

transformation

TRANSFORMATIONS OF SONGS TO ANOTHER TYPE

from popular music to formal music


ROCK

TO

marimba

MARIMBA

la marimba es un instrumento de percusion y estas son sus partes y de que estan hechas . El teclado: Las teclas de la marimba se hacen de varias maderas, como el palo rosa, paduk o el hormiguillo Platymiscium dimorphandrum, según algunos Triplaris tomentosa (Polygonacaeae). Las características principales que conlleva al uso en la fabricación de este instrumento musical son la facilidad de trabajar en ella, la dureza y resistencia a los golpes, y la producción natural de un sonido peculiar. Este tipo de madera además de ser utilizada en la fabricación de instrumentos musicales suele ser muy apreciada por los constructores de botes o naves marítimas de lujo porque a medida que pasan los años esta madera obtiene un color más brillante y una resistencia contra el agua y la carga. La construcción de las primeras marimbas fue de sólo escalas diatónicas (que son las escalas que producen los pianos, las melódicas o piánicas cuando únicamente se utilizan las teclas blancas) y se les dio el nombre de «marimbas sencillas». En ellas, para bemolizar un sonido (lo que los marimbistas llaman «transportar»), los ejecutantes pegaban una bolita de cera en un extremo de la tecla, bajándole así medio tono.

Las cajas de resonancia: Actualmente las cajas de resonancia se hacen de madera de cedro o ciprés, afinadas de acuerdo con la tecla y con una membrana pegada con cera en el extremo inferior, lo que permite el «charleo» o vibración que facilita la prolongación del sonido. La fabricación de cada una de estas cajas de resonancia conlleva un proceso muy parecido a la guitarra.

La tela: La tela utilizada para producir el sonido se adquiere de los intestinos de los cerdos a través de un proceso.

Las mazas: El material de estas mazas es de madera de arce o de rattan. Dentro de la parte que golpea en las láminas, hay una bola, de madera, plástico, goma o caucho, y están cubiertas de lana natural o nailon, conocidas también como bolillos o vaquetas en el sur de México.

La mesa: Se fabrica con maderas especiales. Puede llevar finos acabados, incrustaciones de madera y el nombre grabado en ella.

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• John Harbison: Concerto for Bass Viol (2005)
• Hans Werner Henze: Five Scenes from the Snow Country for Marimba solo (1978)
• David A. Jaffe: The Library of Babel, for two five-octave marimbas (2012)
• Anders Koppel: Marimba Concertos 1–4 (1995–2005), Tarantella' (for violin and marimba) (2001), Toccata (for marimba and vibraphone) (1990)
• Frederik Magle: Cantabile (symphonic suite) – The Cortège & Danse Macabre movement includes a marimba solo^[14] (2009)
• Linda Maxey: The Artistry of the Marimba (1994)
• Olivier Messiaen: La Transfiguration de Notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ ("The Transfiguration of Our Lord Jesus Christ"), large 10-part chorus, piano solo, cello solo, flute solo,clarinet solo, xylorimba solo, vibraphone solo, large orchestra (1965–69)
• Olivier Messiaen: Saint-François d'Assise (Saint Francis of Assisi, opera)
• Darius Milhaud: Concerto for Marimba, Vibraphone and Orchestra, Op. 278 (1947)
• Luigi Morleo: Concerto per Marimba e Archi (1993)
• Thea Musgrave: Journey through a Japanese Landscape (1994)
• Clair Omar Musser: Etude in C Major
• Lior Navok: Rosewood Staircase (2000)
• Robert Paterson: Komodo (2005), Piranha (2009) (both using six-mallets), Mandala (for two marimbas) (2012) (four-mallets), numerous works for marimba and other instruments
• Mitchell Peters: Yellow after the rain, Sea refractions
• Tarik O'Regan: Triptych (2005) originally for choir and strings, later arranged for choir and marimbas
• Steve Reich: Music for 18 Musicians (1976), Six Marimbas (1986), Nagoya Marimbas (for two marimbas) (1994)
• Ney Rosauro: Concerto For Marimba and Orchestra (1986), Concerto No. 2 for Marimba and Orchestra (2001), numerous solo works
• Joseph Schwantner: Velocities (1990)
• Emmanuel Séjourné: Concerto for marimba and strings (2006)
• Adam Silverman: Carbon Paper and Nitrogen Ink concerto for marimba and wind ensemble or percussion ensemble (2013)
• Gordon Stout: Two Mexican Dances (1974)
• William Susman: Amores Montuños (2008) for flute & marimba, Marimba Montuño (2002) for solo marimba
• Tomas Svoboda: Concerto For Marimba and Orchestra, Op. 148 (1995)
• Josef Tal: Chamber Music (1982) for Recorder, Marimba and Harpsichord
• Augusta Read Thomas: Silhouettes (2004)
• Peter Togni: Lux Aeterna (2010) – Gamelan & six voices, later arranged for SATB and marimbas
• Andersen Viana: Grlashodibzntmev for Vibraphone and Marimba (2006), 3 Fugues (2010)
• Charles Wuorinen: Percussion Symphony (1976), Percussion Quartet (1994), Metagong (2008), Marimba Variations for five-octave marimba (2009)
• Takashi Yoshimatsu: Marimba Concerto "Bird Rhythmics" (2010)

organ

ORGAN

Type of instrument: wind instrument with a keyboard

Materials used to make it:     

 Pipe organs are primarily made of wood and metal. Wood used to make parts of the organ which are not visible, such as the action, may be made of plywood or soft woods such as poplar. Visible wooden parts, such as the console, are made from hard, decorative woods, such as mahogany or oak. Wood is also used to make some of the pipes. Woods used for pipes include poplar and mahogany.

Most pipes are made from metal. Metal pipes are most often made from alloys containing various amounts of tin and lead. Pipes may also be made from other metals, such as zinc and copper. The vibrating reeds inside reed pipes are usually made of brass.

Various small components, such as screws and bolts to hold parts of the action together, are made of steel. Other small components may be made of other materials, such as plastics and ceramics. Electronic organs require semiconducting materials, such as silicon and germanium, in order to manufacture the electrical circuits which produce the sound.

Important composers and work: 

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)

Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901)

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)

Frederic Chopin (1810-1849)

Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741)

harp

HARP

Type of instrument: plucked string instrument

Materials used to make it: Wood, gut strings

How it's made:In remote civilizations turtle shells and vegetable ropes were used and they underwent mutations (appearance of a mast and more ropes), with the use of trunks hollowed leather skins, etc. The Uraloaltaic peoples, Turks, Tartars, Indo-European, Eastern Africa, etc., knew and cultivated this instrument. In its construction, wood, bronze, gold, beaten metal, ivory, etc. were used. Remaining in time of its traditional triangular physiognomy. Cedar is the wood that was usually used for the sound box. For the top or top of the box, it is invariably used pine, harmonically spruce well parked. In rural areas they use cedar "tapas" given their modest possibilities. The pegs are of wood in continuous or alternated form, also they are used of bone and in recent times the aluminum ones have been incorporated. The strings have been modified: steel, casing and nylon. For the head of the console must use extremely hard wood, due to the climatic variation and stringing pressure.

How we tune it: 1.-A very practical method is to have another harp already tuned and go by pressing string by string, giving the tension and tuning until you get each sound.

2.-Another method would be with a piano and / or keyboard, press each note of the major musical scale, the white keys of the piano, corresponding to the tone of major = (C), and fine-tuning each sound until the instrument is tuned completely.

3.- Another way would be to ask the favor of a harpist who has his instrument correctly tuned, to record the sounds in sequence, each string at least 10 times, so that the aspirant can listen carefully and tune each string correctly.

4.-If you do not have the above, you should at least do what you can to get a whistle or a tuning fork with the note La natural. You can buy it in the houses dedicated to the sale of musical instruments.

how to tune the harp

Important composers and works

•  Lily Laskine
• Nicanor Zabaleta
• Xavier de Maistre

how to play the harp

Luthiers

LUTHIER

Bartolomeo Giuseppe Antonio Guarneri, of the Gesù (Cremona, August 21, 1698 - Cremona, 17 October 1744) was an Italian luthier, also known as Guarneri del Gesù for signing his instruments inside the soundboard with the words Nomina sacra, IHS (the monogram of Christ) and a Roman cross. Its instruments have a prestige and value comparable to those of Antonio Stradivari.

Little is known about his childhood, although it has been said that he worked with Stradivari despite his style is in contrast to that of that other teacher. Other sources claim that he was actually a disciple of Andrea Gisalberti. Contrary to what is thought, their violins are closer to the Brescia School than to Cremona. Giuseppe Guarneri was a strange man and subject to violent attacks of anger possibly provoked by his addiction to the drink.

Cremona

Cremona is an Italian commune capital of the homonymous province. It had 72 179 inhabitants according to the census of 2011; Its metropolitan area, 153 458. It is located in the southern part of the Lombardy region.

LUTHIERS OF CREMONA

Nicolò Amati (Cremona, 3 of September of 1596 - 12 of August of 1684) was an Italian violin constructor

Antonio Stradivari (Cremona, Lombardy, 1644 -ibídem, December 18, 1737) was the most prominent Italian luthier

NICCOLÓ PAGANINI

Niccolò Paganini (Genova, 27 October 1782 - Niza, 27 May 1840) was an Italian violinist, violist, guitarist and composer. He is considered one of the most virtuous violinists of all time and contributed with his contributions to the development of modern violin technique. Los 24 caprichos para violín Op.1, are one of his best known works and have served as inspiration to numerous later composers.

ANTONIO STRADIVARI

date and place of birth	18 of dicembre of 1737
he was an apprentice of...	Nicoló Amati
type of instruments he made	Violins, harps, guitars, violas and violoncellos
number of instruments he made	1200 violins 18 violas 80 violoncellos 4 guitars 1 harp
nickname for some of his instruments	Stradivarius
musicians who possess one of his  instruments today	Frank Peter Zimmermann

Grand Piano

GRAND PIANO🎵🎵

Tom Selznick (Elijah Wood) is the most talented pianist of his generation, who has stopped acting in public for his stage panic. Years after the catastrophic performance, it reappears for an expected concert in Chicago. In a crowded theater, in front of an expectant audience, Tom finds a message written on the score: "A note fails and you will die." Under the eyes of an anonymous sniper (John Cusack), Tom must be able to interpret the most difficult performance of his life and seek help without being discovered.

Christmas

CHRISTMAS

🎄🎄

Christmas is one of the most important songs of Christianity, together with the Easter of Resurrection and Pentecostes. This solemnity, commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ in Belèn, is celebrated on December 25 in the Catholic Church, the Anglican Church, some Protestant communities and most Orthodox Churches. Instead, it is celebrated on January 7 in other Orthodox Churches such as the Russian Orthodox Church or the Orthodox Church of Jerusalem, that did not accept the reform made to the Julian calendar to happen to the calendar known like Gregorian, name derived from its reformer, the pope Gregory XIII. December 25 is a holiday in many countries celebrated by millions of people around the world and also by a large number of non-Christians. There are several theories about how Christmas was celebrated on December 25, which date back to various ways of investigating, according to some known facts.

unique musical instruments

Sound sculptures

This instruments are uniques because you can play any instrument but isn't very guay.

You can find sound sculptures that produce sound by the water, wind or with your hands.

instruments

INSTRUMENTS

A musical instrument is any thing that we can use to perform music.
The firs instruments in the story were make of natural objets. Some factors that influence this are size, shape , the material the instrument is madeof and the way it's played. 
The sound box amplifies the sound to make it louder and it allows us to hear the sound of the instrument clearly

TEMPO

The speed at which we perform music is called tempo. We need a metronome to measure de speed of a beat.

metronomo